Every cell in the body "stems" from a particular "cell". The main function of a stem cell is not yet determined. They can be classified into 3 broad categories, based on their ability to differentiate.
Totipotent Stem Cells:
These are found in early embryos and it is found that each cell can form a complete organism, like identical twins.
Pluripotent  Stem Cells:
These are found in inner cell mass of blastocyst and can form any of the 200+  different cell types in the body.
Multipotent Stem Cells:
These are derived from fetal tissue, like Cord blood and Adult stem cells. These have had a track record of successes in cell-based therapies.
In November 1998, researchers first reported the isolation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs). There were a lot of objections to this, where people argued that human life begins when an egg is fertilized and they consider an embryo to be a human being. Thus Stem Cell Therapy was termed as morally wrong.
Researchers though, stuck their ground, saying that in the natural reproductive process, the human egg is often fertilized but fails to implant itself in the uterus. While it may have the potential for human life, a fertilized egg cannot be considered to be a human being, until it has successfully implanted itself in the uterus.
The intersection between science and politics was very apparent early this year when the newly elected President, Barrack Obama, announced lifting off the Bush era restrictions on Federal funding for Stem Cell Research. Ironically, this decision has come at a time when researchers have announced several major steps toward building techniques that may someday eliminate the need to use embryonic cells. There have been many discoveries made of various stem cell types and their properties. These cells are important research tools and showcase many opportunities for biomedical research.
Organ Transplant Research- Role of Stem Cells to restore vital Body Functions
Stem cells may hold the key to replacing cells lost in devastating diseases like Parkinson's, Diabetes, Chronic heart disease, End-stage kidney failure, Liver failure and Cancer. Medical science has advanced to a stage where diseased organs can be replaced by healthy organs and make the body adapt to the new organ that is installed. Though this is a procedure that is life-saving, shortage of donors is a major drawback. The use of Stem Cells to generate replacement tissues to treat neurological diseases is a major focus of research. Several recent advances indicate the regenerative properties of adult and embryonic stem cells.
Treating Diabetes
Another major discovery for research on adult and embryonic stem cells is the development of Pancreatic tissues which can be used to treat diabetes. Researchers have recently shown that human embryonic stem cells to directly differentiate into cells which produce insulin.
The recipient of a stem cell transplant stands a very high risk of rejecting these tissues as foreign bodies. Modifications to either the cell or immune system or both will be a major requirement.
Hence, with the exception of the current practice of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a lot of basic research lies ahead before direct patient application of stem cell therapies is applied.
It is difficult to foretell what the results of the scientific integrity will be. But, it is quite clear that lifting of limits on stem cell research will obviously foster research into whether they are suitable for medical applications.
Though there are a lot of people traveling overseas for medical treatment, the number of patients traveling for stem cell therapies is unknown.  Since there were restrictions in funding for embryonic stem cell research in the United States, there were chances that Americans could have looked into other destinations for possible treatments.

There are a lot of clinics that offer stem cell treatments. Most of the medical travelers depend on Medical Tourism companies like SurgeryPlanet to facilitate and collect information on centers that offer this kind of treatment. Many centers offer to its patients pre-clinical evidence of proof of principle for confidence and safety. Doctors at AIIMS in India after a five year research states that Stem cells have the potential to cure kidney diseases and "incurable" spina bifida (a neurological deficit) . "Stem cells have the potential to repair and regenerate the kidney tissue. It has also shown positive results in cases of spina bifida, where people remain handicapped even after undergoing a surgery for it," Professor D K Gupta, Paediatric Surgeon, AIIMS.